Appeal to ignorance also called the burden of proof
- You haven’t proven/don’t know X to be the case. The burden of proof is on you. Therefore X isn’t the case
Examples of appeal to ignorance
- If you can’t prove it then you’re wrong
- Science hasn’t proven God exists, therefore, God doesn’t exist
- You can’t prove that you’re not cheating on me. You won’t let me go through your phone. Therefore you must be hiding something.
Begging the question/circular argument
- The basic structure is, premise⟶premise
- There is no conclusion
- Repeating a premise
- Lots of verbiages
- Circular argument
Examples of circular arguments
- I should wear makeup often because cosmetics and beauty products make me look pretty
- What came first, the chicken or the egg?